知识点导引：
实验1：kill命令杀死服务的端口
[root@server10 ~]# dnf -y install httpd 安装阿帕奇
[root@server10 ~]# systemctl start httpd 启动阿帕奇
[root@server10 ~]#
[root@server10 ~]# systemctl status httpd 查看阿帕奇状态
● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; disabled; preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Thu 2025-02-27 08:56:27 CST; 5s ago Active: active (running) 活跃，正在运行
[root@server10 ~]# netstat -tunlp | grep httpd 查看阿帕奇的端口
tcp6 0 0 :::80 :::* LISTEN 15245/httpd 
[root@server10 ~]# kill -9 15245 杀掉阿帕奇的进程号，号：15245
[root@server10 ~]#
[root@server10 ~]# netstat -tunlp | grep httpd 查看阿帕奇的端口
[root@server10 ~]# （没有了，被杀死了）
[root@server10 ~]# systemctl status httpd 查看阿帕奇的状态
× httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; disabled; preset: disabled)
Active: failed (Result: signal) since Thu 2025-02-27 09:02:00 CST; 13s ago Active: failed失败
[root@server10 ~]# systemctl start httpd 启动阿帕奇
[root@server10 ~]# netstat -tunlp | grep httpd 查看阿帕奇的端口号
tcp6 0 0 :::80 :::* LISTEN 38946/httpd 80端口号
[root@server10 ~]# systemctl stop httpd 关闭阿帕奇
[root@server10 ~]#
[root@server10 ~]# systemctl status httpd 查看阿帕奇的状态
○ httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; disabled; preset: disabled)
Active: inactive (dead) inactive (dead)不活跃的
[root@server10 ~]# tail -f /var/log/messages 动态查看日志信息（主要查看Linux出错信息）
Feb 27 09:02:00 server10 systemd[1]: httpd.service: Killing process 15540 (httpd) with signal SIGKILL.
Feb 27 09:02:00 server10 systemd[1]: httpd.service: Killing process 15541 (httpd) with signal SIGKILL.
Feb 27 09:02:00 server10 systemd[1]: httpd.service: Failed with result 'signal'.
Feb 27 09:02:32 server10 systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP Server...
Feb 27 09:02:32 server10 httpd[38946]: AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using fe80::20c:29ff:fe74:811f%ens160. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
Feb 27 09:02:32 server10 httpd[38946]: Server configured, listening on: port 80
Feb 27 09:02:32 server10 systemd[1]: Started The Apache HTTP Server.
Feb 27 09:02:44 server10 systemd[1]: Stopping The Apache HTTP Server...
Feb 27 09:02:45 server10 systemd[1]: httpd.service: Deactivated successfully.
Feb 27 09:02:45 server10 systemd[1]: Stopped The Apache HTTP Server.
[root@server10 ~]# vim /etc/chrony.conf 编辑时间同步配置文件实验2：计划任务crontab
每隔1小时同步时间和日期
#pool 2.rocky.pool.ntp.org iburst 注释掉原来时间同步地址
pool ntp.aliyun.com iburst 同步阿里云的地址
[root@server10 ~]# systemctl enable --now chronyd 启动时间同步，并设置开机启动
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/chronyd.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/chronyd.service.
[root@server10 ~]#
[root@server10 ~]# chronyc sources -v 运行时间同步
.-- Source mode '^' = server, '=' = peer, '#' = local clock.
/ .- Source state '*' = current best, '+' = combined, '-' = not combined,
| / 'x' = may be in error, '~' = too variable, '?' = unusable.
|| .- xxxx [ yyyy ] +/- zzzz
|| Reachability register (octal) -. | xxxx = adjusted offset,
|| Log2(Polling interval) --. | | yyyy = measured offset,
|| \ | | zzzz = estimated error.
|| | | \
MS Name/IP address Stratum Poll Reach LastRx Last sample
===============================================================================
^* 203.107.6.88 2 6 17 1 +1418us[+1078us] +/- 14ms 时间同步成功会显示IP地址：203.107.6.88 
[root@server10 ~]# date 查看时间和日期
Thu Feb 27 09:09:46 AM CST 2025
[root@server10 ~]#
[root@server10 ~]# clock -w 将时间和日期保存到系统中
[root@server10 ~]# crontab -e 设置计划任务
* */1 * * * /usr/bin/chronyc makestep > /dev/null 2>&1 每隔1小时执行时间同步命令，执行过程中不输出任何信息
* */1 * * * 分钟 小时 日 月 星期实验3：修改网络配置文件
[root@server10 ~]# crontab -r 删除计划任务
[root@server10 ~]#
[root@server10 ~]# crontab -l 限时任务计划列表
no crontab for root
[root@server10 ~]# ifconfig 查看IP地址
ens160: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.7.10 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.7.255
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe74:811f prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:74:81:1f txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 11300 bytes 14421280 (13.7 MiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 5734 bytes 431992 (421.8 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>
loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 72 bytes 6120 (5.9 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 72 bytes 6120 (5.9 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
[root@server10 ~]# ifconfig ens160 查看ens160网卡信息
ens160: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.7.10 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.7.255
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe74:811f prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:74:81:1f txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 11346 bytes 14424884 (13.7 MiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 5761 bytes 435366 (425.1 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
[root@server10 ~]#
[root@server10 ~]# route -n 查看路由信息（ Gateway查看网关地址：192.168.7.2 ）
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
0.0.0.0 192.168.7.2 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 ens160
192.168.7.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 100 0 0 ens160
[root@server10 ~]# ip addr 查看IP地址（第二块网卡的名称：ens192）
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens160: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:74:81:1f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
altname enp3s0
inet 192.168.7.10/24 brd 192.168.7.255 scope global noprefixroute ens160
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe74:811f/64 scope link noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: ens192: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:74:81:29 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
altname enp11s0
[root@server10 ~]#
[root@server10 ~]# nmcli conn 查看网络连接（只有本身地址和回环地址）
NAME UUID TYPE DEVICE
ens160 b8ce3644-4f75-339f-8e13-67205af44138 ethernet ens160
lo c1f04e9b-03b0-4ffb-af4b-4d2c3f6879c5 loopback lo
[root@server10 ~]#
[root@server10 ~]# cd /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/ 进入网卡配置文件目录
[root@server10 system-connections]# ls
ens160.nmconnection
[root@server10 system-connections]# cp ens160.nmconnection ens192.nmconnection 将ens160网卡配置文件复制给ens192网卡配置文件
[root@server10 system-connections]#
[root@server10 system-connections]# vim ens192.nmconnection 编辑ens192网卡配置文件（uuid改最后一个值，范围：a-f 1-9）
[connection]
id=ens192 id改成ens192
uuid=b8ce3644-4f75-339f-8e13-67205af44131
type=ethernet
autoconnect-priority=-999
interface-name=ens192 接口名称ens192
[ethernet]
[ipv4]
address1=192.168.10.10/24 ip 地址改成：10.10
#dns=114.114.114.114; #dns dns注释掉
method=manual
[root@server10 system-connections]# reboot 重启
关机-还原至新系统
实验4：配置DHCP服务器
[root@server10 ~]# dnf -y install dhcp-server 安装dhcp服务器
[root@server10 ~]# vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf 编辑dhcp配置文件
:r /usr/share/doc/dhcp-server/dhcpd.conf.example 读取dhcp配置文件的模板查看/usr/share/doc/dhcp-server/dhcpd.conf.example 后敲回车
25 subnet 192.168.7.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { 定义的网段 192.168.7.0 子网掩码255.255.255.0
26 range 192.168.7.20 192.168.7.200; dhcp地址分配的地址：7.20-7.200
27 option domain-name-servers 114.114.114.114; dns地址114
28 option domain-name "benet.com"; 定义的域名：benet.com
29 option routers 192.168.7.2; 网关地址：192.168.7.2
30 option broadcast-address 192.168.7.255; 广播地址：192.168.7.255
31 default-lease-time 600; 默认租约时间：600秒
32 max-lease-time 7200; 最大租约时间：7200秒
33 }
systemctl enable --now dhcpd 启动dhcp并设置开机启动开启另外一台虚拟机，名称：Win11
实验5：用DHCP服务器，模拟假定给公司一台打印机，设置固定IP地址
安装dhcp服务器
编辑dhcp配置文件
subnet 192.168.7.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {定义的网段 192.168.7.0 子网掩码255.255.255.0
range 192.168.7.20 192.168.7.200; dhcp地址分配的地址：7.20-7.200
option domain-name-servers 114.114.114.114; dns地址114
option domain-name "internal.benet.com"; 定义的域名：benet.com
option routers 192.168.7.2; 网关地址：192.168.7.2
option broadcast-address 192.168.7.255; 广播地址：192.168.7.255
default-lease-time 600; 默认租约时间：600秒
max-lease-time 7200; 最大租约时间：7200秒
}
启动dhcp并设置dhcp开机启动
ipv4更改为自动获得IP地址
编辑dhcp配置文件
这里只修改host printer里的内容，host printer上面的内容不动，把win11虚拟机的物理地址，复制到host printer的hardware ethernet里
重启dhcp
以下操作都是在VMare station下（注意不是xshell远程虚拟机上），进入网卡配置文件
还原新系统，添加一块100G硬盘