配置RIP
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Huawei,路由交换

999 字
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15 分钟

知识点：

实验：静态路由

配置静态路由是配置非直连网段

R3  ip route-static 192.168.1.0 24           10.0.20.2

       静态路由      网段        网段子网掩码   下一跳地址（高速公路收费站得入口）

———————

实验：浮动静态路由

浮动静态路由是一种特殊的静态路由，通过配置去往相同的目的网段，但优先级不同的静态路由，

以保证在网络中优先级较高的路由，即主路由失效的情况下，提供备份路由。正常情况下，备份

路由不会出现在路由表中。

负载均衡

当数据有多条可选路径前往同一目的的网络，可以通过配置相同优先级和开销的静态路由实现负载均衡

使得数据的传输均衡的分配到多条路径上，从而实现数据分流、减轻单条路径负载过重的效果。而当其中一条路径

失效时，其他路径仍然能够正常传

浮动静态路由

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.20.0 24 10.0.12.2 preference 100

                                               优先级

负载均衡

[R1]display ip routing-table

192.168.20.0/24  Static  60   0          RD   10.0.13.3       Ethernet1/0/1

                 Static  60   0          RD   10.0.12.2       Ethernet1/0/0

========================================

动态路由：

实验：配置RIP

 8:31:16

 RIPv1是有类别路由协议，它的协议报文中没有携带掩码信息，只能识别A、B、C类这样的自然网段的路由，因此RIPv1无法支持路由

汇总，也不支持不连续子网，所有路由会被自动汇总为有类路由

RIPv2是一种无分类路由协议，报文中携带掩码信息，支持手动路由汇总和自动路由汇总两种方式

连续子网是指所连接的子网属于同一主网

不连续子网是指相同主网下的子网被另一主网分隔

实验拓扑图：

一、配置R1路由器为RIPv1：

The device is running!

<Huawei>system-view 进入视图模式
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]undo info-center enable 关闭消息控制台
Info: Information center is disabled.
[Huawei]sysname r1 设置名称为r1
[r1]interface g0/0/0 进入g0/0/0接口
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.12.1 24 IP地址192.168.12.1 子网掩码24
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]undo shutdown 关闭消息控制台
Info: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 is not shutdown.
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit 退出

二、配置R2路由器为RIPv1：

<Huawei>system-view 进入视图模式
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]undo info-center enable 关闭消息控制台
Info: Information center is disabled.
[Huawei]sysname r2 命名为r2
[r2]interface g0/0/0 进入g0/0/0接口
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.12.2 24 IP地址192.168.12.2 子网掩码24
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]undo shutdown 关闭消息控制台
Info: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 is not shutdown.
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit 退出
[r2]interface g0/0/1  进入g0/0/1接口
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.23.2 24 IP地址192.168.23.2 子网掩码24
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]undo shutdown 关闭消息控制台
Info: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 is not shutdown.
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit 退出

三、配置R3路由器为RIPv1：

<Huawei>system-view 进入视图模式
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]undo info-center enable 关闭消息控制台
Info: Information center is disabled.
[Huawei]sysname r3 命名为r3
[r3]interface g0/0/0 进入g0/0/0接口
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.23.3 24 IP地址为192.168.23.3 子网掩码24 IP地址为192.168.23.3 子网掩码24
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]undo shutdown 关闭消息控制台
Info: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 is not shutdown.
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit 退出
[r3]interface loopback 0 进入回环地址0的接口
[r3-LoopBack0]ip address 3.3.0.3 24 IP地址3.3.0.3子网掩码24
[r3-LoopBack0]quit 退出
[r3]interface loopback 1 进入回环地址1的接口
[r3-LoopBack1]ip address 3.3.1.3 24 IP地址3.3.1.3子网掩码24
[r3-LoopBack1]quit 退出
[r3]interface loopback 2 进入回环地址2的接口
[r3-LoopBack2]ip address 3.3.2.3 24 进入回环地址2的接口
[r3-LoopBack2]quit 退出
[r3]interface loopback 3 进入回环地址2的接口
[r3-LoopBack3]ip address 3.3.3.3 24 IP地址3.3.3.3子网掩码24
[r3-LoopBack3]quit 退出

四、在R1上查看IP路由表信息

[R1]display ip routing-table
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
         Destinations : 7        Routes : 7        

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

      127.0.0.0/8   Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
      127.0.0.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
127.255.255.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
   192.168.12.0/24  Direct  0    0           D   192.168.12.1    GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
   192.168.12.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
 192.168.12.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
255.255.255.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0

五、R1上使用RIP协议进程号1：

[R1]rip 1（使用rip协议进程号，进程号的范围1-255）
[R1-rip-1]network 192.168.12.0（宣告网段是192.168.12.0）

六、R2上使用RIP协议进程号1：

[R2]rip 1 （使用rip协议进程号，进程号的范围1-255）
[R2-rip-1]network 192.168.12.0 network 192.168.12.0（宣告网段是192.168.12.0）
[R2-rip-1]network 192.168.23.0 network 192.168.23.0（宣告网段是192.168.12.0）
[R2-rip-1]quit

七、R3上使用RIP协议进程号1：

[r3]rip 1
[r3-rip-1]network 192.168.23.0  network 192.168.23.0（宣告网段是192.168.23.0）
[r3-rip-1]network 3.0.0.0 network 3.0.0.0（宣告网段是3.0.0.0）
[r3-rip-1]quit

八、在R1上查看IP路由表信息

[R1]display ip routing-table
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
         Destinations : 9        Routes : 9        

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

        3.3.0.0/22  RIP     100  2           D   192.168.12.2    GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
      127.0.0.0/8   Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
      127.0.0.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
127.255.255.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
   192.168.12.0/24  Direct  0    0           D   192.168.12.1    GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
   192.168.12.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
 192.168.12.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
   192.168.23.0/24  RIP     100  1           D   192.168.12.2    GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
255.255.255.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0

[R1]

九、在R2上查看IP路由表信息

[R2]display ip routing-table
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
         Destinations : 11       Routes : 11       

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

        3.0.0.0/8   RIP     100  1           D   192.168.23.3    GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
      127.0.0.0/8   Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
      127.0.0.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
127.255.255.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
   192.168.12.0/24  Direct  0    0           D   192.168.12.2    GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
   192.168.12.2/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
 192.168.12.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
   192.168.23.0/24  Direct  0    0           D   192.168.23.2    GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
   192.168.23.2/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
 192.168.23.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
255.255.255.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0

十、在R1上ping 3.3.0.3

[R1]ping 3.3.0.3
  PING 3.3.0.3: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
    Request time out
    Reply from 3.3.0.3: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=254 time=40 ms
    Reply from 3.3.0.3: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=254 time=30 ms
    Reply from 3.3.0.3: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=254 time=30 ms
    Reply from 3.3.0.3: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=254 time=30 ms

  --- 3.3.0.3 ping statistics ---
    5 packet(s) transmitted
    4 packet(s) received
    20.00% packet loss
    round-trip min/avg/max = 30/32/40 ms

十一、R1、R2、R3上使用rip协议进程号、使用版本2

[r1]rip 1 （使用rip协议进程号）
[r1-rip-1]version 2 （使用版本2）
[R1-rip-1]quit

[R2]rip 1
[R2-rip-1]version 2
[R2-rip-1]quit
[r3]rip
[r3-rip-1]version 2
[r3-rip-1]quit

十二、R1上查看IP路由表

[R1]display ip routing-table
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
         Destinations : 12       Routes : 12       

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

        3.3.0.0/24  RIP     100  2           D   192.168.12.2    GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
        3.3.1.0/24  RIP     100  2           D   192.168.12.2    GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
        3.3.2.0/24  RIP     100  2           D   192.168.12.2    GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
        3.3.3.0/24  RIP     100  2           D   192.168.12.2    GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
      127.0.0.0/8   Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
      127.0.0.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
127.255.255.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
   192.168.12.0/24  Direct  0    0           D   192.168.12.1    GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
   192.168.12.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
 192.168.12.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
   192.168.23.0/24  RIP     100  1           D   192.168.12.2    GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
255.255.255.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0

十三、R3将rip使用手动汇总 （手动汇总，目的：减少路由条目）

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]rip summary-address 3.3.0.0 255.255.252.0 （将rip使用手动汇总网段地址是192.168.12.0，子网掩码是255.255.252.0）

十四、R1上查看路由表信息

<r1>display ip routing-table （查看路由表信息）
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
         Destinations : 9        Routes : 9        

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

        3.3.0.0/22  RIP     100  2           D   192.168.12.2    GigabitEthernet
0/0/0 （在R1在路由器上查看R3 rip手动汇总信息）
      127.0.0.0/8   Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
      127.0.0.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
127.255.255.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
   192.168.12.0/24  Direct  0    0           D   192.168.12.1    GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
   192.168.12.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
 192.168.12.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
   192.168.23.0/24  RIP     100  1           D   192.168.12.2    GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
255.255.255.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0

十五、R1上ping 3.3.3.3

<R1>ping 3.3.3.3
  PING 3.3.3.3: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
    Reply from 3.3.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=254 time=30 ms
    Reply from 3.3.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=254 time=30 ms
    Reply from 3.3.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=254 time=30 ms
    Reply from 3.3.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=254 time=20 ms
    Reply from 3.3.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=254 time=40 ms

  --- 3.3.3.3 ping statistics ---
    5 packet(s) transmitted
    5 packet(s) received
    0.00% packet loss
    round-trip min/avg/max = 20/30/40 ms
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